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|* [[1954]] – [[Việt Minh]] forces under General [[Võ Nguyên Giáp]] began a massive [[artillery]] bombardment on the French military, beginning the '''[[Battle of Dien Bien Phu]]''', the climactic battle of the [[First Indochina War]].
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* [[1567]] – A Spanish mercenary army surprised a band of rebels at the '''[[Battle of Oosterweel]]''' in the [[Habsburg Netherlands]], beginning the [[Eighty Years' War]].
* [[1567]] – A Spanish mercenary army surprised a band of rebels at the '''[[Battle of Oosterweel]]''' in the [[Habsburg Netherlands]], beginning the [[Eighty Years' War]].
* [[1639]] – [[Harvard College]]<!--not bold, date not in article and unreferenced section--> in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], '''[[History of Harvard University|was named]]''' after its first principal donor, clergyman [[John Harvard (clergyman)|John Harvard]].
* [[1639]] – [[Harvard College]]<!--not bold, date not in article and unreferenced section--> in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], '''[[History of Harvard University|was named]]''' after its first principal donor, clergyman [[John Harvard (clergyman)|John Harvard]].
* [[1943]] – [[The Holocaust]]: Nazi troops <!--under [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] [[Hauptsturmführer]] [[Amon Göth]] -->began the final liquidation of the '''[[Kraków Ghetto]]''' in Poland, sending about 2,000 Jews to the [[Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp|Płaszów labor camp]]<!-- ''(deportation pictured)''-->, with the remaining 5,000 either killed or sent to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]].
* [[1697]] – [[Nojpetén]], capital of the [[Peten Itza kingdom|Itza Maya]] kingdom, fell to Spanish [[conquistador]]s, the final step in the '''[[Spanish conquest of Guatemala]]'''.
* [[1954]] – [[Việt Minh]] forces under General [[Võ Nguyên Giáp]] began a massive [[artillery]] bombardment on the French military, beginning the '''[[Battle of Dien Bien Phu]]''', the climactic battle of the [[First Indochina War]].
* [[1811]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: A British [[frigate]] squadron defeated a much larger squadron of French and Italian frigates and smaller vessels in the '''[[Battle of Lissa (1811)|Battle of Lissa]]''' in the [[Adriatic Sea]].
* [[1920]] – The '''[[Kapp Putsch]]''' ''(participants pictured)'', an attempted [[Coup d'état|coup]] aiming to undo the [[German Revolution of 1918–1919]], briefly ousted the government of the [[Weimar Republic]].
* [[1962]] – [[Lyman Lemnitzer]], the Chairman of the U.S. [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]], presented to the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] a [[false flag]] conspiracy plan, '''[[Operation Northwoods]]''', intended to create public support for a war against [[Fidel Castro]] and Cuba.
* [[1962]] – [[Lyman Lemnitzer]], the Chairman of the U.S. [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]], presented to the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] a [[false flag]] conspiracy plan, '''[[Operation Northwoods]]''', intended to create public support for a war against [[Fidel Castro]] and Cuba.
* [[1964]] – '''[[Murder of Kitty Genovese|Kitty Genovese]]''' was murdered in New York City, prompting research into the [[bystander effect]] due to the false story that neighbors witnessed the killing and did nothing to help her.
* [[1964]] – '''[[Murder of Kitty Genovese|Kitty Genovese]]''' was murdered in New York City, prompting research into the [[bystander effect]] due to the false story that neighbors witnessed the killing and did nothing to help her.
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* [[1996]] – A gunman '''[[Dunblane massacre|killed sixteen children and a teacher]]''' at a primary school in [[Dunblane]], Scotland, before committing suicide.
* [[1996]] – A gunman '''[[Dunblane massacre|killed sixteen children and a teacher]]''' at a primary school in [[Dunblane]], Scotland, before committing suicide.
* [[1986]] – Claiming the right of [[innocent passage]], the American warships ''[[USS Yorktown (CG-48)|Yorktown]]'' and ''[[USS Caron|Caron]]'' '''[[1986 Black Sea incident|entered Soviet territorial waters]]''' in the [[Black Sea]].
* [[1986]] – Claiming the right of [[innocent passage]], the American warships ''[[USS Yorktown (CG-48)|Yorktown]]'' and ''[[USS Caron|Caron]]'' '''[[1986 Black Sea incident|entered Soviet territorial waters]]''' in the [[Black Sea]].
* [[2013]] – Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio [[2013 papal conclave|was elected]] '''[[Pope Francis]]''', making him the first [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] pope, the first from the Americas, and the first from the Southern Hemisphere<!--, as well as the first non-European pope in over 1,000 years-->.
* [[1988]] – The '''[[Seikan Tunnel]]''', the longest and deepest tunnel in the world at the time, opened between the cities of [[Hakodate]] and [[Aomori]], Japan.
* Born/died this day: | '''[[John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden]]'''<!--English nobleman--> |b|1719| '''[[Daniel Lambert]]'''<!--English animal breeder--> |b|1770| '''[[Mustafa Reşid Pasha]]'''<!--Ottoman diplomat--> |b|1800| '''[[Hans Gude]]'''<!--Norwegian painter--> |b|1825| '''[[Percival Lowell]]'''<!--American astronomer--> |b|1855| '''[[Adolf Anderssen]]'''<!--German chess player--> |d|1879| '''[[Benjamin Harrison]]'''<!--American president--> |d|1901| '''[[Helen Renton]]'''<!--Scottish air force officer--> |b|1931| '''[[Hee Seo]]'''<!--South Korean ballerina-->|b|1986| '''[[Encarnacion Alzona]]'''<!--Filipino historian, female--> |d|2001
* Born/died this day: | '''[[John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden]]'''<!--English nobleman--> |b|1719| '''[[Daniel Lambert]]'''<!--English animal breeder--> |b|1770| '''[[Mustafa Reşid Pasha]]'''<!--Ottoman diplomat--> |b|1800| '''[[Hans Gude]]'''<!--Norwegian painter--> |b|1825| '''[[Percival Lowell]]'''<!--American astronomer--> |b|1855| '''[[Adolf Anderssen]]'''<!--German chess player--> |d|1879| '''[[Benjamin Harrison]]'''<!--American president--> |d|1901| '''[[Helen Renton]]'''<!--Scottish air force officer--> |b|1931| '''[[Hee Seo]]'''<!--South Korean ballerina-->|b|1986| '''[[Encarnacion Alzona]]'''<!--Filipino historian, female--> |d|2001


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</noinclude>
</noinclude>
'''[[March 13]]''': '''[[Commonwealth Day]]'''<!--2nd Monday--> in the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] (2023)
'''[[March 13]]''': '''[[Commonwealth Day]]'''<!--2nd Monday--> in the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] (2023)
{{main page image/OTD|File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-J0305-0600-003, Berlin, Kapp-Putsch, Putschisten.jpg|Participants of the Kapp Putsch in Berlin}}
{{main page image/OTD|File:Krakow Ghetto 06694.jpg|Deportation of Jews from the Kraków Ghetto}}
* [[1697]] – [[Nojpetén]], capital of the [[Peten Itza kingdom|Itza Maya]] kingdom, fell to Spanish [[conquistador]]s, the final step in the '''[[Spanish conquest of Guatemala]]'''.
* [[1781]] – [[William Herschel]] discovered the planet '''[[Uranus]]''' from the garden of his house in [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]], England, initially considering it to be a [[comet]].
* [[1781]] – [[William Herschel]] discovered the planet '''[[Uranus]]''' from the garden of his house in [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]], England, initially considering it to be a [[comet]].
* [[1811]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: A British [[frigate]] squadron defeated a much larger squadron of French and Italian frigates and smaller vessels in the '''[[Battle of Lissa (1811)|Battle of Lissa]]''' in the [[Adriatic Sea]].
* [[1943]] – [[The Holocaust]]: Nazi troops <!--under [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] [[Hauptsturmführer]] [[Amon Göth]] -->began the final liquidation of the '''[[Kraków Ghetto]]''' in Poland, sending about 2,000 Jews to the [[Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp|Płaszów labor camp]] ''(deportation pictured)'', with the remaining 5,000 either killed or sent to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]].
* [[1920]] – The '''[[Kapp Putsch]]''' ''(participants pictured)'', an attempted [[Coup d'état|coup]] aiming to undo the [[German Revolution of 1918–1919]], briefly ousted the government of the [[Weimar Republic]].
* [[2013]] – Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio [[2013 papal conclave|was elected]] '''[[Pope Francis]]''', making him the first [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] pope, the first from the Americas, and the first from the Southern Hemisphere<!--, as well as the first non-European pope in over 1,000 years-->.
* [[1988]] – The '''[[Seikan Tunnel]]''', the longest and deepest tunnel in the world at the time, opened between the cities of [[Hakodate]] and [[Aomori]], Japan.
{{Born and died list| '''[[John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent]]'''<!--English admiral--> |d|1823| '''[[Sālote Tupou III]]'''<!--Tongan queen--> |b|1900| '''[[Anne Acheson]]'''<!--Irish sculptor--> |d|1962}}
{{Born and died list| '''[[John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent]]'''<!--English admiral--> |d|1823| '''[[Sālote Tupou III]]'''<!--Tongan queen--> |b|1900| '''[[Anne Acheson]]'''<!--Irish sculptor--> |d|1962}}
{{SelAnnivFooter|Month=March|Day=13}}
{{SelAnnivFooter|Month=March|Day=13}}

Revision as of 22:26, 9 March 2023

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624 – Led by Muhammad, the Muslims of Medina defeated the Quraysh of Mecca in Badr, present-day Saudi Arabia. refimprove section
874 – The remains of Saint Nicephorus were brought back to Constantinople to be interred at the Church of the Holy Apostles. refimprove
1845 – German composer Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto, one of the most popular violin concertos of all time, received its world première in Leipzig. refimprove section
1881 – Tsar Alexander II of Russia was assassinated near his palace in a bomb-throwing plot by Ignacy Hryniewiecki and three other revolutionaries. unreferenced section (Ancestry)
1884Mahdist War: Forces loyal to self-proclaimed Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad began a 319-day siege of a combined Anglo-Egyptian force defending Khartoum, Sudan. refimprove
1997 – A series of unexplained lights appeared in the skies over the US states of Arizona and New Mexico, and the Mexican state of Sonora. refimprove
Iris Calderhead |d|1966 POTD for 2022
Odette Hallowes |d|1995 refimprove section
* 1954Việt Minh forces under General Võ Nguyên Giáp began a massive artillery bombardment on the French military, beginning the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, the climactic battle of the First Indochina War. Citation needed for date

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March 13: Commonwealth Day in the Commonwealth of Nations (2023)

Deportation of Jews from the Kraków Ghetto
Deportation of Jews from the Kraków Ghetto
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