Editing Worldpedia:Selected anniversaries/March 13

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==Images==
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<gallery>
File:Mendelssohn Bartholdy.jpg|Felix Mendelssohn
File:Felix Mendelssohn - Violinkonzert e-moll - 1. Allegro molto appassionato.ogg|Violin Concerto, 1<sup>st</sup> movement
File:Alexander II 1870 by Sergei Lvovich Levitsky.jpg|Tzar Alexander II of Russia
File:I Grinevizky.jpg|Ignacy Hryniewiecki
File:Uranus2.jpg|Uranus, as seen by ''[[Voyager 2]]''
File:Franciscus in 2015.jpg|Pope Francis
File:Krakow Ghetto 06694.jpg|Deportation of Jews from the Kraków Ghetto
File:Prince_Metternich_by_Lawrence.jpeg|Klemens von Metternich
</gallery>

==Ineligible==
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| [[624]] – Led by [[Muhammad]], the Muslims of [[Medina]] '''[[Battle of Badr|defeated]]''' the [[Quraysh]] of [[Mecca]] in [[Badr, Saudi Arabia|Badr]], present-day Saudi Arabia.
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| [[874]] – The remains of '''[[Nikephoros I of Constantinople|Saint Nicephorus]]''' were brought back to [[Constantinople]] to be interred at the [[Church of the Holy Apostles]].
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| [[1639]] – [[Harvard College]]<!--not bold, date not in article and unreferenced section--> in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], '''[[History of Harvard University|was named]]''' after its first principal donor, clergyman [[John Harvard (clergyman)|John Harvard]].
|Citations needed
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|[[1881]] – Tsar '''[[Alexander II of Russia]]''' was assassinated near his palace in a bomb-throwing plot by [[Ignacy Hryniewiecki]] and three other revolutionaries.
| unreferenced section (Ancestry)
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| [[1884]] – [[Mahdist War]]: Forces loyal to self-proclaimed [[Mahdi]] [[Muhammad Ahmad]] began '''[[Siege of Khartoum|a 319-day siege]]''' of a combined Anglo-Egyptian force defending [[Khartoum]], Sudan.
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|[[1954]] – [[Việt Minh]] forces under General [[Võ Nguyên Giáp]] began a massive [[artillery]] bombardment on the French military, beginning the '''[[Battle of Dien Bien Phu]]''', the climactic battle of the [[First Indochina War]].
|Citation needed for date
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| [[1962]] – [[Lyman Lemnitzer]], the Chairman of the U.S. [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]], presented to the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] a [[false flag]] conspiracy plan, '''[[Operation Northwoods]]''', intended to create public support for a war against [[Fidel Castro]] and Cuba.
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| [[1997]] – A series of '''[[Phoenix Lights|unexplained lights]]''' appeared in the skies over the US states of [[Arizona]] and [[New Mexico]], and the Mexican state of [[Sonora]].
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| '''[[Odette Hallowes]]'''<!--English spy--> |d|1995
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|'''[[Hee Seo]]'''<!--South Korean ballerina-->|b|1986
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|'''[[Benjamin Mountfort]]'''<!--English-New Zealand architect--> |b|1825|
|Citation needed
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==Eligible==

* [[1567]] – A Spanish mercenary army surprised a band of rebels at the '''[[Battle of Oosterweel]]''' in the [[Habsburg Netherlands]], beginning the [[Eighty Years' War]].
* [[1697]] – [[Nojpetén]], capital of the [[Peten Itza kingdom|Itza Maya]] kingdom, fell to Spanish [[conquistador]]s, the final step in the '''[[Spanish conquest of Guatemala]]'''.
* [[1781]] – [[William Herschel]] discovered the planet '''[[Uranus]]''' from the garden of his house in [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]], England, initially considering it to be a [[comet]].
* [[1811]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: A British [[frigate]] squadron defeated a much larger squadron of French and Italian frigates and smaller vessels in the '''[[Battle of Lissa (1811)|Battle of Lissa]]''' in the [[Adriatic Sea]].
* [[1845]] – German composer [[Felix Mendelssohn]]'s '''[[Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn)|Violin Concerto]]''' was premiered in [[Leipzig]] with [[Ferdinand David (musician)|Ferdinand David]] as the soloist.
* [[1920]] – The '''[[Kapp Putsch]]''' ''(participants pictured)'', an attempted [[Coup d'état|coup]] aiming to undo the [[German Revolution of 1918–1919]], briefly ousted the government of the [[Weimar Republic]].
* [[1943]] – [[The Holocaust]]: Nazi troops <!--under [[Amon Göth]] -->began the final liquidation of the '''[[Kraków Ghetto]]''' in [[General Government|German-occupied Poland]], sending about 2,000 Jews to the [[Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp|Płaszów labor camp]] ''(deportation pictured)'', with the remaining 5,000 either killed or sent to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]].
* [[1985]] – One of England's worst incidents of [[football hooliganism]] occurred when supporters of [[Luton Town F.C.|Luton Town]] and [[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]] '''[[1985 Luton riot|rioted]]''' before a match at [[Kenilworth Road]] stadium.
* [[1986]] – Claiming the right of [[innocent passage]], the American warships ''[[USS Yorktown (CG-48)|Yorktown]]'' and ''[[USS Caron|Caron]]'' '''[[1986 Black Sea incident|entered Soviet territorial waters]]''' in the [[Black Sea]].
* [[1988]] – The 53.85&nbsp;km (33.46&nbsp;mi) '''[[Seikan Tunnel]]''' opened between the cities of [[Hakodate]] and [[Aomori]], Japan.
* [[2004]] – The Filipino singer '''[[Rachelle Ann Go]]''' won the reality talent show ''[[Search for a Star]]'', performing a cover of [[Mariah Carey]]'s "[[Through the Rain]]" in the grand final.
* [[2013]] – Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio [[2013 papal conclave|was elected]] as '''[[Pope Francis]]''', making him the first [[Jesuits|Jesuit]] pope, the first from the Americas, and the first from the Southern Hemisphere<!--, as well as the first non-European pope in over 1,000 years-->.
* Born/died this day: | '''[[Daniel Lambert]]'''<!--English animal breeder--> |b|1770| '''[[Mustafa Reşid Pasha]]'''<!--Ottoman diplomat--> |b|1800|'''[[John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent]]'''<!--English admiral--> |d|1823| '''[[Hans Gude]]'''<!--Norwegian painter--> |b|1825| '''[[Percival Lowell]]'''<!--American astronomer--> |b|1855| '''[[Benjamin Harrison]]'''<!--American president--> |d|1901|'''[[Sālote Tupou III]]'''<!--Tongan queen--> |b|1900|   '''[[Jane Grigson]]'''<!--English cookery writer--> |b|1928| '''[[Helen Renton]]'''<!--Scottish air force officer--> |b|1931| '''[[Anne Acheson]]'''<!--Irish sculptor--> |d|1962| '''[[Iris Calderhead]]'''<!--American suffragist--> |d|1966 '''[[Encarnacion Alzona]]'''<!--Filipino historian, female--> |d|2001

==Notes==
* [[Rings of Uranus]] appears on [[Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/March 10|March 10]], so Uranus should not appear in the same year.
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'''[[March 13]]''': '''[[Fast of Esther]]''' (Judaism, 2025)<!--this normally is the day before Purim except when Purim starts on Saturday-->
{{main page image/OTD|File:Defensa de Cartagena de Indias por la escuadra de D. Blas de Lezo, año 1741.jpg|British attack on Cartagena de Indias}}
* [[1741]] – [[War of Jenkins' Ear]]: The British began an assault against Spanish forts in the Caribbean in the '''[[Battle of Cartagena de Indias]]''' ''(pictured)''.
* [[1848]] – '''[[Klemens von Metternich]]''' was forced to resign as the foreign minister of [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] following student demonstrations in [[Vienna]].
* [[1964]] – '''[[Murder of Kitty Genovese|Kitty Genovese]]''' was murdered in New York City, prompting research into the [[bystander effect]] due to the false story that neighbors witnessed the killing and did nothing to help her.
* [[1996]] – '''[[Dunblane massacre|A mass shooting at a primary school]]''' occurred in [[Dunblane]], Scotland, killing 16 children and a teacher and prompting tighter [[firearms regulation in the United Kingdom|gun control in the United Kingdom]].
{{Born and died list|'''[[John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden]]'''<!--English nobleman--> |b|1719|'''[[Adolf Anderssen]]'''<!--German chess player--> |d|1879| '''[[Meinhard Michael Moser]]'''<!--Austrian mycologist--> |b|1924|'''[[Jan Howard]]'''<!--American singer--> |b|1929|}}

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